Chishti, Muin al-Din Hasan Khawaja al-Ajmeri al-Sanjari [d.627 H/1230 CE]
'alayhi al-rahmah wa'l-ridwan
The main personality of the Chishti Sufi order, the most important & widespread Sufi
order in India. Born in Sistan [Sijistan] & died in Ajmer. Came to India in 1193 after
travelling in Khurasan & Baghdad. His dargah [tomb] in Ajmer is one of the most
popular shrines in north-western India, visited by millions of Muslims, as well as Sikhs,
Hindus & Christians alike.
The Chishti Order was founded by (Khawaja) Abu Ishaq Shami ("the Syrian") (d. 941)
who brought Sufism to the town of Chisht, some 95 miles east of Herat in present-day
Afghanistan. Before returning to the Levant, Shami initiated, trained and deputized the
son of the local Amir, (Khwaja) Abu Ahmad Abdal (d. 966). Under the leadership of Abu
Ahmad’s descendants, the Chishtiyya as they are also known, flourished as a
regional mystical order.
The most famous of the Chishti saints is Moinuddin Chishti (also known as Khawaja Baba) who settled in Ajmer, India. He oversaw the growth of the order in the 13th century as religious laws were canonized. He saw the Islamic prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) in a dream and then set off on a journey of discovery.
Other famous saints of the Chishti Order are Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi, Fariduddin Ganjshakar of Pak Pattan, Qutubuddin Bakhtiar Kaki and Hazrat Makhdoom Ashraf Semnani of Kichocha Shareef
The Chishti Order is famous for its emphasis on love, tolerance, openness and ecstasy. The Order traces its origins through various saints all the way to Ali and Muhammad (s.a.w) himself.
Sema or Qawwali is a type of devotional music to enhance the remembrance of Allah and is not a part of worship or prayer.
Followers of Inayat Khan claim he was the first to bring the Chishti Order to North America.
Followers of Sikh Saint Kabir think he was also part of the Chishti order.
The Nine Principles
The Chishti Order is also known for the following principles:
* Obedience to shaykh or pir
* Renunciation of the material world
* Distance from worldly powers
* Sama (or musical assemblies)
* Extreme prayers and fasting
* Dependence on voluntary offerings
* Disapproval of miraculous feats
* Service to humanity
* Respect for other devotional traditions
Silsila Qadriya
Silsila Qadriya, Ghawsia: It is named after Sayyadinah Shaykh
Sayyid Abdul Qadir Jilani radi allahu anhu who was the Mureed
and Khalifa of Shaykh Abu Said Makhzumi radi allahu anhu, the
Khalifa of Abul Hasan Ali Qarshi radi allahu anhu ,Khalifa of
Shaykh Abul Farah al Tartusi radi allahu anhu , Khalifa of
Shaykh Abul Fazl Abdul Wahid Yamni radi allahu anhu ,Khalifa
of Shaykh Abu Bakr Shibli radi allahu anhu , Khalifa of Shaykh
Sayyidd al Taifah Junaid Baghdadi radi allahu anhu till Hazrat Ali
Murtuza radi allahu anhu . Sayyadinah Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani
radi allahu anhu received a robe of Khilafat through His
ancestral link from Sayyadinah Imam Hassan bin Ali al-Murtuza
radi allahu anhu as well as with eleven links in between.
Sayyadinah Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani radi allahu anhu is the
Emminent Wali Allah who enjoys the distinction of being
Ghous (Supreme Commander in the Spiritual Hierarchy).
He also enjoys the status of Mahbubiat (Beloved of Allah Subhaanahu Wa Ta’alaa) and Fardaniat (Singularity with Allah Subhaanahu Wa Ta’alaa).
About Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani radi allahu anhu
Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani was a noted Hanbali preacher, Sufi Shaykh and the eponymous founder of the Qadiri Sufi order (silsila). He was born in Ramadan AH 470 (about AD 1077) in the Persian province of Gilan (Iran) south of the Caspian sea. His contribution and renown in the sciences of Sufism and Sharia was so immense that he became known as the spiritual pole of his time, al-Gauth al Azam (the "Supreme Helper" or the "Mightiest Succor"). His writings were similar to those of al-Ghazali in that they dealt with both the fundamentals of Islam and the mystical experience of Sufism.
Parents and Early Life
Abdul Qadir Jilani was a Sufi master and Syed (descendant of the Prophet Muhammad) from both his father and mother. His father Abu Saleh Jangidost, was an illustrious and God-fearing man. Once while engrossed in meditation by the bank of a river he saw an apple floating down the river. He picked it up and ate it. It struck to him that he ate the apple without paying for it so he set out in search of the owner, on the bank of the river and at last reached the owner of the apple orchard "Abdullah Somai" whom he requested to tell him the price of the apple, Abdullah Somai replied that it was an expensive thing. Syed Abu Saleh replied that he had not much by way of worldly material but he, could serve him for compensation. Abdullah Somai then asked him to work for a year in the orchard. In course of time the duration was extended several times. In the end Abdullah Somai admitted that he had served him in excess of the price and desired to reward him. Abu Saleh hesitated in accepting it but when Abdullah Somai persisted, he relented. He said he had a daughter, blind of eyes, handicapped of hands and feet and wanted to give her in marriage to him. In this way Abu Saleh was married to Abdullah Somai's daughter, Syeda Fatimah. To his astonishment found her wondrously beautiful and wholesome. He complained to his father-in-law that he found her exactly the opposite to what he had described her. Abdullah Somai insisted on the truthfulness of his statement. She was blind because she had not seen any Ghair Mehram (a man who could marry her). She was mute because she had not uttered a word repugnant to the Shariah (Islamic law). She was deaf because she had not heard anything inconsistent with the Shariah. She was handicapped of hand and feet because she had never moved in the direction of evil.
Abdul Qadir Jilani's father died soon after and the young orphan was reared up by his mother and his grandfather, Abdullah Somai.
Adult life
At the age of 18 he went to Baghdad on AH 488 (1095 AD), where he pursued the study of Hanbalite law under several teachers. His mother sewed 40 gold coins in his quilt so that he might spend them when needed. The dacoits struck the caravan on the way, and looted all the travelers of their belongings. They asked him what he had. He replied that he had 40 gold coins. The dacoits took his reply for a joke and took him to their chief, who asked him the same question and he again replied that he had 40 gold coins. He demanded him to show, upon whom he tore away, the quilt and produced the gold coins. He was surprised and asked him why he had given the hidden gold coins when he could have kept them hidden. Young Abdul Qadir Jilani replied that he was travelling to Baghdad to receive education and his mother had instructed him to speak the truth. This left a deep effect on the chief of the dacoits and he gave up looting.
Abdul Qadir received lessons on Islamic Jurisprudence from Abu Said Ali al-Mukharrimi, Hadith from Abu-Bakra-bin-Muzaffar, and commentary (tafseer) from the renowned commentator, Abu Muhammad Jafar.
In Sufism, his spiritual instructor was Shaikh Abu'l-Khair Hammad. From him, he received his basic training, and with his help he set out on the spiritual journey. Abu Shuja' was also a disciple of Shaikh Hammad, once he said: "Shaikh Abdul Qadir was in the company of Shaikh Hammad, so he came and sat in front of him, observing the best of good manners, until he stood up and took his leave. I heard Shaikh Hammad say, as soon as Shaikh Abdul Qadir had left: 'This non-Arab has a foot that will be raised, when the proper time comes, and placed upon the necks of the saints of that time. He will surely be commanded to say: This foot of mine is upon the neck of every saint of Allah. He will surely say it, and the necks of all the saints of his age will surely be bent at his disposal.'" Hazrat Junayd Baghdadi (died AD 910), who died about 167 years before the birth of Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani, predicted about him on one occasion, when he was performing meditation & during that he said: "His foot will be over all Saints' necks." After finishing meditation, his disciples asked him about his words, he replied: "One Sufi would be born in the future, who would be greater than all saints." Thus, Shaikh Hammad proved the words of Hazrat Junayd as right. The historians says that, later Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani also repeated the same words on many occasion by himself.
Popular Sufi Sheikh
After completion of education, Hazrat Abdul Qadir Jilani abandoned the city of Baghdad, and spent twenty-five years as a wanderer in the desert regions of Iraq as a recluse.[2] He was over fifty years old by the time he returned to Baghdad, in AH 521 (AD 1127), and began to preach in public. His hearers were profoundly affected by the style and content of his lectures, and his reputation grew and spread through all sections of society. Not only Muslims, but also Jews and Christians, not only caliphs and viziers but also farmers, merchants and traders allegedly altered their lives in response to Abdul Qadir's perorations.[3] He moved into the school belonging to his old teacher al-Mukharrimii, there he engaged himself in teaching. Soon he became popular with his pupils. In the morning he taught hadith and tafseer, and in the afternoon held discourse on mysticism and the virtues of the Qur'an. The number of students increased so much that the seminary could no more contain them. He, therefore, decided to extend the premises of the seminary. The students and the people willingly came forward with their wholehearted contributions. The campus buildings were ready in AH 528 and thereafter it came to be known as Madarsai-e-Qadriya.
Hazrat Abdul Qadir Jilani was a Non-Arab (ajami), so he wasn't fluent in Arabic and was having some difficulties because of it. Once The Prophet Muhammad came to him in a dream, before the time of the midday prayer (Zuhr), and he said to him: "O my dear son, why do you not speak out?" He replied: "O dear father, I am a Non-Arab man. How can I speak fluently in the classical Arabic language of Baghdad?" Holy Prophet said: "Just open your mouth!" He opened his mouth, and The Holy Prophet put his saliva seven times in his mouth. A few moments later, Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib also came & did the same to him six times. And from that time, Hazrat Abdul Qadir Jilani spoke classical Arabic language with fluency, his memory increased and he felt some great positive spiritual changes in him.
Once some one asked Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani about Mansur Al-Hallaj, he replied: "His claim extended too far, so the scissors of the Sacred Law (Shari'a) were empowered to clip it."
He busied himself for forty years in the service of the Islam from AH 521 to 561. During this period hundreds embraced Islam because of him and organized several teams to go abroad for the purpose. He arrived in Indian sub-continent in AD 1128, and stayed at Multan (Pakistan). He died in AH 561 (AD 1166) at the age of 91 years, and was buried in Baghdad.
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